{"id":163012,"date":"2026-04-01T06:03:49","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T06:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.gyankatta.org\/?p=163012"},"modified":"2026-04-01T06:05:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T06:05:31","slug":"class-12-biology-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.gyankatta.org\/?p=163012","title":{"rendered":"Class 12 Biology: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PYQ: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms. Analyze its evolutionary advantage over gymnosperms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Predict consequences if tapetum becomes prematurely degenerated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. How does a pistil distinguish between compatible and incompatible pollen?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Why is apomixis considered both beneficial and harmful in agriculture?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. What happens if only one megaspore fails to develop into an embryo sac?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Explain the importance of synergids in fertilization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Evaluate advantages of polyembryony in plants like Citrus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Why is self-incompatibility important despite reducing fertilization chances?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Why is emasculation not required in some cases?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Compare nuclear and cellular endosperm formation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Why do some pollens remain viable longer than others?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Why are cleistogamous flowers always autogamous?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Predict floral traits of wind-pollinated plants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. What would happen if ovule fails to produce attractant signals?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Explain polarity in embryo development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Fruit Formation Without Fertilization: Explain parthenocarpy and its importance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. What is the function of callose in microsporogenesis?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Why is male sterility useful in hybrid seed production?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. Why is triple fusion essential?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. How can mutation affecting pollen formation impact plant population?
    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Write the difference between chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. What is endosperm ? Describe free nuclear endosperm and cellular endosperm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. What is the ploidy of endosperm in angiosperms ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Describe pollen-pistil interaction in detail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Why do pollen grains remain preserved for long time ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. What are stem cells ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. What is endosperm ? Explain various types of endosperms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. What is emasculation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    9. Write down the names of post fertilization events in flowering plants. Describe the process of embryo development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    10. Explain in detail the process of development of female gametophyte. Draw diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    11. Define apomixis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    12. Define pollination. Explain wind and water pollination with example.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    13. Define Agamospermy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    14. Describe the structure of Anatropous ovule with diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    15. Write the name of four flower parts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    16. Describe the structure of cellular endosperm with diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    17. Which of the following plant is pollinated by snails ?
      (A) Cotton (B) Arisaema (C) Mustrard (D) Tobacco<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    18. Microspore forms the __________gametophyte after its germination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    19. Explain double fertilization in angiosperm plants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    20. In which of the following perisperm is found ?
      (A) Beetroot (B) Pea (C) Groundnut (D) Sunflower<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    21. (i) Define pollination.
      (ii) Explain double fertilisation.
      (iii) Draw a labelled diagram of structure of fertilised embryo sac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    22. An example of a non-albuminous seed is
      (A) Wheat (B) Maize (C) Pea (D) Castor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    23. The central cell after triple fusion becomes the____________.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    24. Define apomixis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    25. Describe the structure of megasporangium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    26. Draw labelled diagram of transverse section of a pollen sac.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HOTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. A mutant plant shows normal anther structure but produces sterile pollen. Microscopy reveals that the tapetum degenerates very early. Explain the sequence of events leading to sterility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. In a species, pollen grains germinate 24 hours after pollination instead of immediately. Predict consequences on fertilization success.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. A plant mutation prevents synergids from producing attractant chemicals. Predict the outcome.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. In an experiment, triple fusion occurs, but endosperm fails to develop. What will happen to the embryo?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. A mutation disables S-genes in a self-incompatible plant. Predict genetic and evolutionary consequences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. Normally only one megaspore survives. What if all four megaspores remain functional?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. A chemical inhibitor blocks pollen tube guidance signals midway. What happens next?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      8. A gene for apomixis is introduced into a hybrid crop. Predict long-term agricultural effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      9. Callose wall fails to degrade during microsporogenesis. What is the effect?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      10. A pollen grain forms without a vegetative cell. Can fertilization occur?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      11. Antipodal cells degenerate very early in a species. Does it affect fertilization?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      12. In a region with extreme humidity, pollen viability drastically reduces. Explain why.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      13. A student forgets to bag a flower after emasculation. What is the likely outcome?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      14. Mutation disrupts zygote polarity. Predict developmental issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      15. Due to abnormal fertilization, embryo becomes triploid. What are consequences?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      16. A wind-pollinated plant grows in a dense forest. Predict reproductive success.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      17. Stigma loses receptivity before pollen arrival. Outcome?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      18. Thousands of pollen grains land on stigma. How is selection ensured?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      19. Hormones induce fruit formation without fertilization. What changes occur?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      20. A mutation causes widespread male sterility in a plant population. Predict long-term survival.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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