General Knowledge: Digestion Questions
1. What substance, produced by the stomach parietal cells, is needed to prevent Pernicious anemia?
2. Segmentation in the duodenum mixes food with enzymes. What muscle layer is responsible for this action?
3. What is chyme?
4. What is the action of the enzyme enterokinase?
5. What effect does fat have on stomach movement?
6. Name the two substances produced by stomach parietal cells.
7. Villi, plicae and microvilli are all used mainly for what function?
8. Name the carbohydrate enzyme found in saliva.
9. Name the carbohydrate enzyme found in intestinal juice.
10. Name the carbohydrate enzyme found in pancreatic juice.
11. Name the carbohydrate (3) enzymes found attached to the brush border membranes.
12. Where is pepsinogen found? Is this the active or inactive form of the enzyme?
13. What causes pepsin to form?
14. What organ produces bile?
15. Name all the protein enzymes found in pancreatic juice.
16. Name the enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides (fat).
17. Know that first comes digestion, followed by absorption, followed by metabolism inside body cells.
18. Name the four layers of the digestive tract, beginning with the innermost layer.
19. Know that the cyctic duct merges with the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.
20. Gastrin stimulates the release of what?
21. Secretin stimulates the release of what?
22. Where does intrinsic factor originate, and what is its function?
23. What happens when peristalsis of the intestine occurs?
24. What enzyme converts starch (polysaccharide) to maltose (disaccharide)?
25. Know the basic building blocks of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
26. What is lacteal?
27. A new born baby can absorb antibodies from mother’s milk. Why isn’t the whole protein of the antibody digested in the stomach?
28. The small lymph vessels in the villi called lacteals absorb what food substance?
29. Know how bile helps in fat digestion.
30. Where is the pyloric sphincter muscle located?
31. Know some functions of the stomach.
32. Why are the digestive enzymes called “hydrolytic enzymes”??
33. Which digestive organ has 3 layers of smooth muscle?
34. What is another name for the “blind pouch” at the beginning of the large intestine?
35. What are rugae and where in the dig. system are they found? Function??
36. The duodenum curves and “hugs” what gland?
37. Name the two portions of the digestive tube that attach to the stomach.
38. Which is the largest? microvilli, villi, plicae, columnar cell
39. Where is the gall bladder located?
40. Where is the ileocecal valve and what is its function?
Answers:
1. intrinsic factor
2. circular
3. food plus gastric juice of stomach – a pasty residue
4. converts trypsinogen to trypsin
5. slows contractions so fat will not enter duodenum as quickly as other food.
6. intrinsic factor and HCL
7. absorption
8. amylase
9. amylase
10. amylase
11. sucrase, lactase, maltase
12. stomach; inactive
13. presence of HCL
14. liver
15. trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
16. lipase
17. a “know” statement
18. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
19. a “know” statement
20. gastric juice
21. pancreatic buffer solution
22. stomach (parietal cells); attaches to Vit. B12 so the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum
23. food is pushed down the tube
24. amylase
25. amino acids, fatty acids & glycerol, simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
26. a lymph capillary located inside each villus. They absorb the larger fatty acids.
27. Mother’s milk contains a trypsin inhibitor. This inactivates the conversion of all three
pancreatic enzymes. Also, the new born does not have HCL yet, hence, no pepsin.
28. fatty acids
29. it emulsifies the fat, breaking it into millions of tiny pieces of fat, each with a (-) charge.
30. between the stomach and duodenum
31. protein digestion; acid breaks down many foods to chyme; kills bacteria
32. each enzyme inserts a molecule of water to break up the molecules.
33. stomach (oblique layer)
34. cecum
35. stomach; allow for expansion of the stomach
36. pancreas
37. esophagus and duodenum
38. plicae
39. under the right upper lobe of the liver
40. between the ileum and ascending colon connection; controls the amount of food
entering the large intestine from the ileum.
